This is quite an odd looking plant. We had noticed this, ribbed bright green stalk with junctions. At the junctions rings of upward pointing green branchlets can grow. Or the stems can remain bare of branches. I have read that it is the fertile plants that don’t have branches, but I’ve also read that branches occur in nutrient-rich places. Water Horsetail has a rounded cone, whereas Marsh Horsetail has a pointed cone. The cones turn black in June-July when the spores ripen. It likes a wet habitat – shallow water, damp ground and watermeadows.
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Woody Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)
This is also known as Bittersweet, due to its flavour, though the red berries are poisonous in common with all the nightshades. The flowers of Woody Nightshade and Deadly Nightshade are similar – bright purple and yellow – and to start with I assumed this was Deadly Nightshade. However, look closely at the flower stems and you will see that they are also purple. This identifies the plant as a Woody Nightshade. This is the sort of detail I would have missed, had I not been doing this project. Later on, the berries are a further identifier. Those of the Deadly Nightshade are black.
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Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
I’m finding grasses really difficult to identify, partly because they all look so broadly similar and partly because what I think are two grasses tend to be the same one in different stages of flowering i.e. the bud and the bloom. The reason I believe our main grass to be Reed Canary Grass is that:
- it is now at least 8ft tall, definitely above head height
- its branched flower is a pinky colour
- its slim-style leaves are quite substantial, at least 1cm wide
- it’s the right habitat – Reed Canary Grass likes damp places, ditches and beside water.
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Foxglove (Digitalis)
We had rain yesterday evening, very welcome. The pendulous Sedge flowers now stiff and dry, the undispersed pollen stuck together. I wandered round with my camera trying to capture the house Martins and swifts in flight. The reedbed was alive with birdsong, but it was impossible to pick any out, let alone identify them.
The cleavers are in flower. Delicate white blooms, not unlike the Cuckoo Flower, almost sparkling in the undergrowth. It might have been my imagination but this annoying velcro plant seems to be less ‘sticky’. Perhaps, it’s a phase it goes through.
Finally, I had to get a photo of the foxglove. There are only two in the watermeadow and one has fallen over, so it was my last chance.
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Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens)
The buttercups in our watermeadow are not the neat little pops of colour studding the lawn again two days after mowing. They flourish in the undergrowth, delicate stemmed with three-lobed intricate leaves, the familiar flowers bold gold splashes in the marine-like depths of the undergrowth. Fifteen months ago, we planted a Kingcup, or Marsh Marigold, the supersize version of a buttercup, with a stout stem and flat, scalloped leaves. It has settled in well – loves paddling, even swimming, in the winter – but has long since flowered for this year, so I hope to feature it next spring. Then, up in Pagham Harbour Nature Reserve, I spotted tall-stemmed, slim-leaved Water Buttercup flowers in a pond. Interesting that three similar flowers have such different leaves, but I have since discovered that there are a number of different kinds of buttercups.
We’ve been away for a week (I took loads of photos before we went and scheduled some posts) and on our returned have been stunned by the change in garden dynamics. The first Hemlock Water Dropwort trunks have crashed over our back fence burying two of our alder saplings. The tall grass (Reed Canary grass, I think) that thickly populates the valley and our patch is now at least 8ft tall and has overtaken the top-heavy HWD. The pathways mown into our watermeadow are in danger of closing up due to overhanging foliage. The Bellvine is also dragging it down; and the Pendulous Sedge has daubed us with smudges of chocolate brown pollen.
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Common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
Not 100% sure, but I’ve looked on several sources, including actual books, and it looks as though this is a Common Sorrel, which is in the same family as docks and knotweeds. Common sorrel grows on riverbanks as well as verges, grassland, and mountain ledges, so it’s not out of place in our watermeadow. It’s the sort of plant that I would usually overlook, but up close it is stunning with a multitude of tiny pink blossoms.
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Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata)
This is a common meadow grass. It is supposed to be tenacious and difficult to get rid of. It grows on the banks of our watermeadow and at the sides, rather than in the soggier middle. I have only just noticed the pale pink flowers.
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Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
The yellow iris, or flag, loves damp places like riverbanks and marshes. It mingles amongst the reeds and water grasses. This year ours has been late flowering and is now dwarfed by the grass, but as always, worth waiting for. Easy to spot before it flowers, its slender leaves are a bluer shade than the water grasses.
Why is the iris also known as flag? There are two stories. One is that the yellow flowers on their tall stems look like flags waving in the wind. The other is that the word flagge in middle English means rush or reed. The three petals represent wisdom, faith and courage.
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Greater Tussock Sedge (Carex paniculata)
This is our statement sedge standing like an imposing statue centrally near the bank of the stream. Supposed to be a 1.5m tall by a metre broad, ours is definitely larger than that. However, it stands on its own straw podium into which I have occasionally seen a mouse scurrying. Also, its flowers are spikey, rather than hairy or corn-like, which is how I arrived at Greater Tussock Sedge. Although it looks a bit scrappy at the moment, it is very robust and weathers the winter storms and floods. Its sharp-edged blades fountain out in all directions, waving rough, russet flowers at all who pass by.
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Cuckoo Flower or Lady’s Smock (Cardamine pratensis)
This little flower lights up the undergrowth like a cluster of fairy lights. It has delicate white petals with a faint pink blush and is a member of the brassica family. It is edible, apparently, and the leaves are supposed to taste of wasabi or hot mustard. It is known as the Cuckoo Flower because it starts blooming in April, at the same time as the first cuckoo!