A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Early Bumblebee

    Early Bumblebee

    I spotted this bee on the grass in a rare patch of sunshine on Monday.  I assumed it was a buff-tailed bumblebee because of its orange bottom, but it turns out that buff-tailed bumblebees have a white tail, which I should have remembered from my white-tailed bumblebee post.  So, which bees have an orange tail?  And stripes?  The red-tailed bumblebee is black apart from its tail, so no stripes.  The bilberry bumblebee has a fiery red tail but is in decline and prefers higher altitudes. 

    The Early Bumblebee is described as the only bumblebee to have a truly orange tail.  It has two yellow stripes, which in males can be wide enough to cover a good part of its head and upper abdomen.  It lives up to its name by waking up early in the year.  In fact, new queens do not hibernate at all, but start a nest straight away.  This bee likes white clover, lavender, sage, thistles, and flowers in the daisy family. It is quite common and favours flower meadows and cultivated gardens.

    Daisy D

    28 February 2024
    Insects
    Early Bumblebee, White-tailed Bumblebee
  • Bird Traffic Report – and Wood Pigeons revisited

    Bird Traffic Report – and Wood Pigeons revisited

    Lately, it’s been harder to spot new things than in December-January.  I notice things re-emerging that I have already counted, but nothing new.  This morning it is seriously raining (again!) and we have a broadly easterly wind.  I decided to do a bit of twitching and compile a Bird Traffic Report to see what was flying in the valley. 

    Between 9-9:30am I spotted many herring gulls, up to 21 at a time.  There were six on the right-hand field opposite, to start with and it became a bit of a gull drop-in with others joining and flying off during the half hour.  Two crows flew across the valley.  Wood pigeons were around.  Then I noticed a flock of at least 17 grazing in the left-hand field opposite.  Two mallards were swimming in the flooded lawn next door.  Finally, four male mallards flew down the valley, got buffeted by the wind, did a slightly flustered U-turn, and curved off back up the valley again!

    Up at the bird feeder – sparrows were flying in and out of the ‘Sparrow Tree’.  I imagine there were many more hunkered down in there.  Also spotted – 2 great tits, 2 blue tits, 2 dunnocks, and a robin.

    I wondered what the pigeons were grazing on in the field and found out that they eat a lot of grass seed.  I also discovered that pigeons breed all year round (up to six broods a year) but we never see fluffy fledglings.  Why not?  Well, they spend a longer time than most in the nest, fed on high-calorie crop milk and high-protein insects as well as seeds and leaves.  This means that by the time they fledge they already have adult plumage.  In wood pigeons, the only difference is they don’t yet have the iconic white collar round their neck.

    Daisy D

    25 February 2024
    Birds
    Wood Pigeon
  • Geese, possibly Canada

    Geese, possibly Canada

    We heard a loud honking and looked up.  Three geese were flying up the valley.  They are probably Canada Geese, as I could make out white around their bill and white in their tail – and possibly their belly.  That colouring rules out a lot of geese, but leaves Canada, barnacle, and greater white-fronted geese.  They all have white under their tails and somewhere on their head.  The greater white-fronted goose is a winter visitor and has a tiny bit of white over its bill.  The barnacle goose is mostly found in the north.  The Canada goose has a white chinstrap, so I’m going with that as I know they can be seen locally i.e. Par Beach Bird Lake.

    Daisy D

    23 February 2024
    Birds
    Geese
  • Ruby Tiger Moth Caterpillar

    Ruby Tiger Moth Caterpillar

    With rosettes of long ginger hairs, and a black face with white markings to make it look fiercer, this was identified as a Ruby Tiger Moth Caterpillar.  The caterpillars eat dock, dandelion and plantain, and also broom, ragwort and heather and can be found in a variety of habitats including moorland, heathland, open grassland, sand-dunes, gardens and watermeadows.    

    The moths can be seen April to June and August to September.  They have a flame red body with black spots and ginger wings.

    I was concerned that this caterpillar looked in a bad way with a large wet patch.  I thought it might be a wound.  We spotted it near to the Nursery Web Spider, but I couldn’t find any references to the spider preying on a caterpillar twice its size.  Then I found out that caterpillars can start to liquify before they pupate, as the cocoons are smaller than the caterpillar and they have to squash in somehow.  The lack of stripes and plumpness of this caterpillar indicates that it may be a 5th instar, which means that it is due to pupate next.  It will spin a cocoon of silk and incorporate some of its hair as well.

    Daisy D

    21 February 2024
    Insects
    Ruby Tiger Moth
  • Nursery Web Spider

    Nursery Web Spider

    This very striking spider was in the grass on the edge of the ramp down to the watermeadow.  It looked very striking, though small 10-15mm, with a tan body, pale stripe behind its head flanked by dark stripes and dark leaf-shaped markings either side of the abdomen.  It has pale ‘tear marks’ at the sides of its eyes visible if you zoom in.

    The peak time for adults is May-July, but they can be seen in most months of the year.  They live in tall vegetation i.e. brambles and stinging nettles in grassland, scrub, field edges, gardens, and marsh edges

    Nursery web spiders are so-called because the female carries her eggs around with her in a sack and just before they are due to hatch she builds them a silk tent and deposits them inside.  The baby spiders live there until after their first moult and the female stays close to the tent until the spiderlings have left it.  That is the only use for the spider-silk, as they do not spin webs.  Instead, they hunt down their prey – flies and small insects – by running after and capturing them.

    Daisy D

    18 February 2024
    Spiders
    Nursery Web Spider
  • Creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans)

    Creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans)

    There are some small pretty 5-7 lobed leaves with pinked edges growing in Vole County.  It is interesting that when I identified the thyme-leaved speedwell a few weeks ago, I noticed the cinquefoil leaves in the photo (below) which was taken back in August.  It was too long ago to post them, but then I spotted that they are now growing again and I was able to take the top up-to-date photo. It has rich purple stems and the yellow buttercup-like flowers bloom June-September.

    The creeping cinquefoil likes waste ground, verges, hedgerows, and sand dunes.  It grows low – less than 20cm high and spreads by growing runners which arch across the ground and root at nodes when they touch down again.

    It is seen by some as a weed but is good for ground cover and is a pollinator, providing food and habitat for insects and small creatures, notably bees which like its nectar and pollen, and caterpillars which like its leaves.

    Picture left is Thyme-leaved Speedwell from August 2023 – Creeping Cinquefoil is in the top right of the picture.

    Daisy D

    16 February 2024
    Flowers
    Creeping Cinquefoil, Thyme-leaved Speedwell
  • Crescent-cup Liverwort (Lunularia cruciate)

    Crescent-cup Liverwort (Lunularia cruciate)

    I noticed this patch of liverwort on the stone steps leading down into the left-hand side of the watermeadow. 

    What is a Liverwort?  It is a spore-producing plant without the usual plant structures, but a collection of liver-shaped lobes.  Most Liverworts can reproduce by growing gemmae, which are buds of tissue that are dispersed from the parent plant by rainfall and grow into new plants.  The crescent-cup liverwort has crescent-shaped sconces which contain tiny green gemmae.  You can see some in the top right of the top picture.  Liverworts love damp and shady habitats.  They grow on stones, boulders, banks, and soil.

    Daisy D

    14 February 2024
    Mosses and lichens
    Crescent-cup Liverwort
  • Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna)

    Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna)

    I’ve been watching this clump of dark, mottled heart-shaped leaves, wondering how a cyclamen got into the watermeadow.  I held off identifying it until it flowered.  Then fat yellow buds appeared on single vertical stalks.  The fat yellow buds had dark purply-yellow outsides to the petals.  I started research and anticipated Lesser Celandine.

    Lesser Celandine loves the damp – ditches, stream banks and damp woodland, shady spots in gardens, hedgerows, and meadows.  They flower between January and April – bright yellow stars with eight-twelve slim petals.  The leaves have purple stalks with a groove running down them.

    They are a perennial, but this was the first time I’ve noticed them, perhaps because the clump was nestled well down amongst the old, dead grass, and in past years I haven’t ventured down to the watermeadow in the winter.  Also, I have now seen a second clump of similar leaves next to one of the pathways and possibly a third spindly clump under the decking.

    Ficaria means ‘fig’ and another name for the Lesser Celandine is Fig Buttercup.

    Not purple yet, but you can clearly see the grooved leaf stems

    Daisy D

    11 February 2024
    Flowers
  • Stinking Iris (Iris foetidissima)

    Stinking Iris (Iris foetidissima)

    Although the ground is still extremely soft and muddy in the watermeadow, I have ventured down Hard Knot Pass, which is strewn with dry grass especially so that we can keep our grip and walk along it.  That takes me to the top of Little Venice and directly below the decking.  Under the decking is an unchartered territory that we have left well alone since the decking was built so that any voles and mice that were disturbed will come back. 

    Consequently, I haven’t paid much attention to what’s growing there.  It is a steep bank, deeply shaded and I’ve only just noticed the large pods of bright flame berries cupped by broad bladed leaves.  Now they are obvious, and I feel slightly sad that I missed the flowers, which are delicate, papery, and lily-shaped in a watery yellow-blue.

    The Stinking Iris is so-called because when its leaves are crushed they are said to smell beefy.  For this reason it is also called the Roast-beef Plant.  Other names are Stinking Gladwin, Gladwin Iris, and Gladdon, all of which refer to the Latin word for sword, which is gladius, referring to the sword-shaped leaves.

    It prefers a damp, shady habitat, which is exactly where it is.  However, it will tolerate dry shade and is at home by the sea, weathering storms with ease.  The berries are toxic to humans, but nutritious to birds, and blackbirds in particular love them.

    Daisy D

    07 February 2024
    Flowers
    Stinking Iris
  • Today in the Watermeadow

    Today in the Watermeadow

    As with the rest of the valley, there are some clumps of HWD appearing in the middle of the wild bits.  Mr C is planning on venturing into the ‘interior’ to pull them up as we don’t want such a toxic plant on our patch.  They are peeping out of the dry grass to the right of the picture above.

    The paths are in a fragile state of mud and algae, as evidenced by Little Venice above.  We have lost the turf there, but the grass is growing back on the other paths.  I am watching a couple of the plants in Little Venice to see if I can identify them when/if they flower.

    So, the green foliage apart from HWD and algae, is buttercup, bedstraw, dock, and clumps of sedge, which are evergreen.  It’s exciting to see plants coming back to life again, along with bees, and also wolf spiders running over dry grass heaps.

    Daisy D

    06 February 2024
    Views
    Broad-leaved Dock, Creeping Buttercup, Filamentous Algae, Greater Tussock Sedge, Hemlock Water Dropwort, Marsh Bedstraw, Pendulous Sedge, View
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  • Spotted in September
  • Spotted in August
  • Spotted in July
  • Spotted in June
  • Conclusions