A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Three-cornered Garlic (Allium triquetrium)

    Three-cornered Garlic (Allium triquetrium)

    It’s the season for wild garlic.  There are two types: Ramsons and Three-cornered Garlic.  Ramsons has a very different white flower with multiple six-petalled blooms shooting out from a central point on the stem – a typical allium shape – and broad, pointed leaves. 

    This three-cornered garlic has bell-shaped flowers, the petals of which are white with a green stripe down the centre, and slim pointed leaves.  It looks like a white bluebell.  The stem is triangular in cross-section, hence three-cornered, and it is also known as the Three-cornered Leek. 

    Three-cornered garlic is the predominant wild garlic in the West Country, as it thrives in the milder climate.  It is considered an invasive species but is totally edible and can be treated like leeks or spring onions.  In the watermeadow, it grows on the ramp and sprouts out from the sides of the steps.  We don’t have a lot, but its garlicky scent is strong and quite appetising. 

    Daisy D

    21 March 2024
    Flowers
    Ramsons, Three-cornered Garlic
  • Snake Millipede (Proteroiulus fuscus)

    Snake Millipede (Proteroiulus fuscus)

    This is a very common millipede but small at around 10mm long and little over 0.5mm in diameter.  It is pale with a row of dark brown spots along each side.  The first few segments have no spots but are mottled brown in colour.   It has eye spots arranged in a very narrow triangle.

    It lives in moist soil beneath leaf litter or under the bark of living and dead trees.

    Daisy D

    20 March 2024
    Mini-beasts
  • Flat-backed millipede (Polydesmus angustus)

    Flat-backed millipede (Polydesmus angustus)

    The logs that Mr C was moving on Sunday were rich with compost and leaf litter and I spotted two types of millipede.   The flat-backed millipede is a stocky little fellow with a flat segmented body and many legs.  It is orangey-brown in colour and measures around 2cm in length.

    The difference between millipedes and centipedes is that millipedes have two pairs of legs per body segment, and centipedes have just one. 

    Most millipedes are herbivores, eating decaying vegetation that has fallen to the ground. The flat-backed millipede uses its flat body shape to move around the soil and leaf litter in search of food. 

    Daisy D

    19 March 2024
    Mini-beasts
    Flat-backed Millipede
  • Compost Worm (Eisenia veneta)

    Compost Worm (Eisenia veneta)

    This was a noticeably stripy worm.  The compost worm has dark red bands alternating with pale pink or yellowish bands.  There are two types of stripy earthworm.  The Brandling Worm (Eisenia fetida) is also striped but has a red-brown saddle, the same as the main body colour, and is shorter and slimmer.  This one has a paler saddle and is around 7cm long.  The one below may have been a Brandling Worm, but I couldn’t see the saddle and it was still quite long, so perhaps not.  Anyway, the picture below shows off the stripes much better.  I spotted these worms in the rich compost sandwiched between old logs, which is exactly the sort of place they love to live in.

    Daisy D

    18 March 2024
    Mini-beasts
    Brandling Worm, Compost Worm
  • Common Shiny Woodlouse (Oniscus asellus)

    Common Shiny Woodlouse  (Oniscus asellus)

    Mr C was moving some established logs as he was going to be strengthening the ramp, which had been built mainly of pampas cores, logs and garden waste and was gradually sinking.  I stood ready with my camera and spotted a variety of mini-beasts.

    This woodlouse looked rather large to me.  It is one of the largest native woodlice in the British Isles – they can grow up to 16 mm long.  It didn’t look particularly shiny, but the blotchy pattern on the scales matched and juveniles have a rougher texture.  It lives in moist habitats like leaf litter and decaying logs, and feeds on dead organic matter.

    Daisy D

    17 March 2024
    Mini-beasts
    Common Shiny Woodlouse
  • Flea Beetle (Altica lythri)

    Flea Beetle (Altica lythri)

    The flea beetle is a small jumping beetle in the leaf beetle family.  It can be distinguished by its thick and powerful back legs, (see picture below) which mean it can spring out of the way of predators.  Hence its name.

    Flea beetles can be pests, the adults feeding on the leaves of the host plant and the larvae on the roots.  The adults appear in the spring after hibernating, and lay eggs at the base of the host plant.  The next generation of adults emerge by midsummer.  Altica lythri is a dark metallic turquoise flea beetle which favours Great Willowherb. 

    Daisy D

    16 March 2024
    Insects
    Altica lythri, Flea Beetle
  • King Alfred’s Cakes (Daldinia concentrica)

    King Alfred’s Cakes  (Daldinia concentrica)

    Here’s a funny one!  In between showers, I popped out with my camera and found, on an old sycamore log on the ramp, this fungus that literally looks like sheep’s poo.  However, it’s quite interesting because although it isn’t edible, it is hard and coal-like – hence the name – and can be harvested to use as charcoal briquettes on the barbecue apparently! 

    They can grow up to 10cm across and live for years.  In fact, if you cut one open, it is possible to see growth rings, as on a tree.  They are paler and matt when young and become black and shiny and burnt-looking as they age.  They eject spores through tiny holes in the crust, which leaves black marks on the surrounding area.  The outer shell cracks and can be easily damaged, giving a more textured appearance. 

    The caterpillar of the concealer moth is known to eat them, but mostly they provide homes for insects and small animals.  They are also known as Coal Fungus, Tinder Bracket and Cramp Balls, the latter because people would carry them to protect them from cramp.

    Daisy D

    15 March 2024
    Toadstools and fungi
    King Alfred’s Cakes
  • Grey Squirrel

    Grey Squirrel

    Well, you might think that it’s nothing special.  But this is only the second time I have seen a grey squirrel visiting us in the 4¾ years we have lived here – and yes, he did scamper up the garden and make a beeline for the bird feeder!

    Squirrels prefer open woodland with over 25% of mature trees – oak and hazel.  Our land doesn’t meet those criteria, being too low in trees – and no oaks or hazels – which is why he isn’t a regular visitor. 

    Squirrels have a vast menu.  As well as nuts, they eat buds, flowers, fruits, fungi, birds’ eggs and fledglings, scraps from the bird table, and insects.  They are well-known for caching food in small holes to retrieve in times of scarcity.

    Daisy D

    14 March 2024
    Animals
    Grey Squirrel
  • Blue Shieldbug

    Blue Shieldbug

    The Blue Shieldbug is a smaller species – 5-7mm only compared to around 12mm for the common green one.  It has an attractive metallic blue-green with dark wings.  It is widespread and favours heath and grasslands, living on low vegetation.  It is omnivorous and eats the larvae of leaf beetles, and moth caterpillars, as well as plant matter.  The bug overwinters as an adult and lays eggs in the spring.  New adults appear from July.  There is only one brood per year.

    I also spotted an adult Common Green Shieldbug and have added an update photo to that post, as the original was a 4th instar.

    Daisy D

    13 March 2024
    Insects
    Blue Shieldbug
  • Chewing gum lichen (Lecanora muralis)

    Chewing gum lichen (Lecanora muralis)

    This is the lichen that you find on concrete and pavements as well as rocks.  It is widespread and common.  It forms a pale greeny-white disc with buff-coloured fruits, which look like tiny bobbles.  This was on a step leading down to the watermeadow.

    Daisy D

    12 March 2024
    Mosses and lichens
    Chewing Gum Lichen
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  • Spotted in September
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  • Spotted in June
  • Conclusions