A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Blackbird

    Blackbird

    A female blackbird regularly nests in neighbouring trees.  A couple of years ago, she made a nest in some pampas grass that used to be on our bank (Vole County).  That particular nest got predated, just before the chicks were due to fledge.  The female was very verbal and anxious all through the nesting season, which was hardly surprising given what happened.  We think she made about three nests that year.

    In fact, we haven’t seen any blackbirds for a few months, so I was particularly pleased to see this one in the sea buckthorn.  It’s dark, but faintly mottled (if you zoom in) and its beak is quite a dark yellow, so I think it might be a female.  Juveniles in their first winter can be mistaken for females as they have dark beaks.  The yellow starts appearing after January.

    So where have the blackbirds been lately?  And where do they go in the winter?

    In the late summer, they moult.  After a summer of dragging themselves in and out of bushes to raise their chicks, they are looking very ragged.  While they are moulting, they are not so agile on the wing, and are, therefore, more vulnerable to predators.  This means they have to go into hiding to keep safe until their plumage is restored.

    During September and October, there is an abundance of berries for them to feast on, especially blackberries and hawthorn berries.  So, they spend time foraging deep in the countryside, which probably doesn’t include our watermeadow, as we only have the sea buckthorn berries for them here.

    Garden blackbirds return in the winter, often accompanied by friends from Scandinavia, or more northerly UK regions, because it turns out that blackbirds, like robins, are partially migratory, heading a little bit south in the winter.  So, actually, your winter blackbirds, might not be the same ones you see in your garden during the summer.

    Update – Male Blackbird spotted 16/01/24

    Daisy D

    03 December 2023
    Birds
    Blackbird
  • Wood Pigeon and Herring Gull

    Wood Pigeon and Herring Gull

    Wood pigeons and herring gulls fly up and down the valley in completely different styles.  Whereas the gulls go scavenging morning and evening, sweeping, circling, and scanning the valley for titbits; the wood pigeons fly purposefully in straight lines, but with much flapping, as though they are late for a meeting.

    On the ground, the wood pigeon is cautious and will circle its dinner many times before committing to a delicate peck.  We know the gull has no such inhibitions!

    Wood pigeons eat leafy crops, grain, seeds, shoots, buds, and berries.  At the moment, it is likely to be visiting to eat the ivy berries.

    Herring gulls on the other hand include fish, crustaceans, carrion, and human food in their diet.  Like the wood pigeon it can be found in a variety of habitats, but while the pigeon prefers parks, gardens and farmland, the herring gull will also frequent cliffs, wetlands, and landfill sites.

    The wood pigeon can be identified from other pigeons primarily by its white collar and purple-flushed breast. 

    The herring gull has grey wings with white-spotted black tips, and a characteristic red spot on its lower beak.  The reason for the red spot is for the chicks to peck at to encourage the parent to regurgitate food for them.

    This one has a mottled head, so I wondered whether it was still a juvenile, but I found out that herring gulls have a mottled head pattern in the winter.

    Daisy D

    01 December 2023
    Birds
    Herring Gull, Wood Pigeon
  • Kestrel

    Kestrel

    Yesterday, I finally got a reasonably good photo of the kestrel when it perched on the power line post.  It has been very much in evidence over the last couple of weeks hovering over the valley and flying up and down the hillsides.

    Birds of prey in the valley include owls, buzzards, the sparrowhawk, and the kestrel.  They can be differentiated by their behaviour.  Owls being active at night or dusk, the buzzards wheeling high in the sky on the thermals, the sparrowhawk manoeuvring fast and deadly round the trees and bushes, and the kestrel hovering above the valley and then swooping down for the kill.

    Kestrels mainly hunt small mammals like mice and shrews, but especially field voles.  They will also eat small birds, worms, and insects.

    The kestrel is mainly a rich brown with a black band at the end of its tail and dark, tapering wings.  When flying the tail is held straight out, but I caught a shot of the kestrel adjusting position and it fanned its tail out beautifully.

    A better photo taken 22/12/23.

    Daisy D

    29 November 2023
    Birds
    Kestrel
  • Great Tit

    Great Tit

    The tallest trees in our watermeadow are the sea buckthorn and the ‘tall’ willow.  From these trees different species of tit fly up the garden to the willow near the house and the bird feeders.  I wondered whether the paler bird was a coal tit, but I think these are a pair of great tits, as there are hints of green and yellow on the duller one, and female great tits have a duller colouring and thinner belly stripe.  A coal tit would tend to grey and beige alongside the black and white facial markings.

    Daisy D

    26 November 2023
    Birds
    Coal Tit, Great Tit
  • Dunnock

    Dunnock
    Original featured image

    I spotted the dunnock a couple of weeks ago and was hoping to get a better photo, but I haven’t seen it since.  It is much more speckled than a sparrow, with a darker speckled back.  It has a straight-out tail, rather than sticking up like a wren.  It has a thin beak, not chubby like a sparrow (though you can’t see the beak in this picture).

    It has wren-like behaviour, frequenting the lower boughs and shrubs, hunting for insects to eat.  This one was perched on the watermeadow fence behind the alders.

    Dunnock update 05/01/24 – I have replaced the featured image, because I have now realised that the dunnock is a regular visitor to our bird feeder, which enabled me to get a better photo.  It hops around the bottom of the feeder and bushes like a wren, but here it was perched up in a small tree.  You can clearly see its thin dark beak, which has helped me separate it from sparrows.

    Daisy D

    17 November 2023
    Birds
    Dunnock
  • Carrion Crow

    Carrion Crow

    I was pleased to see the crow, as I haven’t noticed many of them this summer.

    The menu of a carrion crow includes dead animals, but also insects, grains and live chicks and eggs from nest raids.  Crows are startlingly intelligent.  Corvids, members of the crow family, can make tools, solve problems and work as a group.  It is said that scientists rate the crow as having the intelligence of a seven-year-old human. 

    Whilst many crows are solitary, it is not unheard of for them to form groups (called a ‘murder of crows’) as they can form strong relationships.  Last summer, we had a family of five black and white crows.  The young crows obviously stayed with their parents all summer, before making their own way in the world.  The white patches can happen when they don’t get enough protein and is called leucism, as opposed to albinism in which they would usually be all white with red eyes.

    Daisy D

    12 November 2023
    Birds
    Carrion Crow
  • Blue Tit

    Blue Tit

    The blue tit is one of the small birds that frequent the sea buckthorn and the willows, as well as being a presence in the top garden.  It is as happy co-existing alongside humans, as it is in the wild.   It will inhabit parks and gardens – or woodland, happy nesting in a hole in a tree – or in a nestbox.  It will hunt for insects and spiders in trees, as well as snacking from bird feeders.  The blue tit was famed for pecking open milk bottle tops and taking the cream off the top. 

    This blue tit appears to have a crest.  I was puzzled.  Then I found out that they will raise their crest when they are excited or alarmed.  There is a crested tit, but it has a very obvious crest and is grey – also, in the UK it is only found in pine forests of Northern Scotland – so no danger of a mix-up in the watermeadow!

    Daisy D

    11 November 2023
    Birds
    Blue Tit
  • Mallards

    Mallards

    Well, I didn’t have to wait long for the mallards!  It was at breakfast on Wednesday.  I thought I knew which post I was going to write next, but the mallards had other ideas.

    They usually hang out on next door’s pond, or I see them flying up the valley, but on Wednesday morning they were whooshing down the stream, and they made a left turn up our ‘path’.

    I didn’t write much about the moorhens, and I was thinking, what can I write about mallards?  They seem to be on every pond.  So, I googled mallard and found out that it is a ‘dabbling duck’.  What?  Is that even a Thing? 

    Apparently, dabbling ducks are very much a ‘thing’.  The term is used to describe the ducks that don’t dive.  Dabbling ducks include – mallards, pintails, gadwalls, teals, and widgeons.   They are particularly at home in shallow water, marshes, and flooded fields.  They feed off aquatic plants, seeds, and roots, from the bottom or surface of shallow waters, so they dabble at the surface or tilt and go tail-up to get to the juicy plant bits on the bottom. 

    Another difference in behaviour is the way they take flight.  Dabblers spring straight up into the air, and divers have to run across the surface of the water to gain momentum.  Dabblers swim with their tails held clear of the water, and their feet are smaller and less powerful than the diving ducks, as they don’t use them for propulsion in diving or flying.

    Finally, dabbling ducks are also known as ‘puddle ducks’, so now we know a bit more about Jemima, don’t we!

    Daisy D

    10 November 2023
    Birds
    Mallard
  • Moorhens

    Moorhens

    The watermeadow is flooded after Storm Ciaran and that means that moorhens have been spotted swimming up and down our path!  Now I’m waiting for the mallards to join them.

    Daisy D

    04 November 2023
    Birds
    Moorhen
  • Long-tailed tit

    Long-tailed tit

    We have seen long-tailed tits in our garden and watermeadow all year round from the Big Garden Birdwatch in January, till now as winter approaches.  They tend to fly around in groups, especially in the winter, and we saw ten when I took this photo, flitting around amongst the branches.  They love the smaller trees and bushes, so are well-suited for gardens and hedgerows, as well as the scrubby wetland habitat.   In the trees and bushes they hunt for small insects and spiders.

    The defining features of long-tailed tits are the long, slim tail in black and white; round pink belly and black eye-stripes, like bushy eyebrows.

    Their mossy nests are works of intricacy, taking around three weeks to build.  They are domed to keep in the heat, insulated with up to 1500 tiny feathers – the little birds can work out how many they need for an optimum temperature – and heavily disguised with lichen.  Cobwebs are used as both glue for the lichen and elastic when woven in with the moss to provide expansion as the brood grows.  They nest deep in thorny bushes, like bramble and hawthorn, or in the forks of trees and once the leaves are out, the nests are very hard to spot.  If I ever manage to see one, I will definitely post a photo!

    Daisy D

    03 November 2023
    Birds
    Long-tailed tit
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