A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Stinking Iris (Iris foetidissima)

    Stinking Iris (Iris foetidissima)

    Although the ground is still extremely soft and muddy in the watermeadow, I have ventured down Hard Knot Pass, which is strewn with dry grass especially so that we can keep our grip and walk along it.  That takes me to the top of Little Venice and directly below the decking.  Under the decking is an unchartered territory that we have left well alone since the decking was built so that any voles and mice that were disturbed will come back. 

    Consequently, I haven’t paid much attention to what’s growing there.  It is a steep bank, deeply shaded and I’ve only just noticed the large pods of bright flame berries cupped by broad bladed leaves.  Now they are obvious, and I feel slightly sad that I missed the flowers, which are delicate, papery, and lily-shaped in a watery yellow-blue.

    The Stinking Iris is so-called because when its leaves are crushed they are said to smell beefy.  For this reason it is also called the Roast-beef Plant.  Other names are Stinking Gladwin, Gladwin Iris, and Gladdon, all of which refer to the Latin word for sword, which is gladius, referring to the sword-shaped leaves.

    It prefers a damp, shady habitat, which is exactly where it is.  However, it will tolerate dry shade and is at home by the sea, weathering storms with ease.  The berries are toxic to humans, but nutritious to birds, and blackbirds in particular love them.

    Daisy D

    07 February 2024
    Flowers
    Stinking Iris
  • Common Field-speedwell (Veronica persica) and Thyme-leaved Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)

    Common Field-speedwell (Veronica persica) and Thyme-leaved Speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia)

    I spent a while out in the garden yesterday searching for anything new and, really, trying to take bird pictures.  But I noticed a flower actually out in bloom.  A tiny four-petalled delicate blue flower with about six deep purple veins down each petal and rounded scalloped leaves.  I have been aware of the plant for a while but haven’t been able to identify it from just the leaves.

    As usual, it turns out that there are several types of speedwell.  This is the common field-speedwell because of the leaf-shape and the petal markings.  Also, the flowers are singular and on stems that grow out further than the leaves.

    In identifying this speedwell, I have now confirmed the identity of a similar flower that I noticed back in August.  So, a bit out of sync, here is the thyme-leaved speedwell.  You will notice the flowers grow in clusters which do not extend beyond the leaves and the leaves themselves are slender, the shape of thyme leaves.   In the picture there are some common field-speedwell leaves (and dock and grass).  So that’s what confused me.  The flowers themselves were paler and not all petals were stripy.

    Daisy D

    07 January 2024
    Flowers
    Common Field-speedwell, Thyme-leaved Speedwell
  • Broad-leaved Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)

    Broad-leaved Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)

    The broad-leaved dock can be found in a variety of habitats – gardens, roadsides, and farmyards.  Clearly it doesn’t mind damp conditions as it is still flourishing in the flooded watermeadow.  It has large, long-stalked leaves and tall spikes of flower, turning into seedheads, which are slow to keel over.  It is a perennial, so that is why it is still lush and green in December.  Dock is a prolific disperser of seeds and has a tap root (a thick main root, like a carrot) which can be up to 3ft long.  For these reasons it is hard to eradicate and is classed as a pest by serious gardeners.  However, it supports a number of species – butterflies, moths, beetles, and bugs – in particular, we have become acquainted with dock bugs over the summer, which is no bad thing.

    Given the number of nettles in our watermeadow it is not surprising that we also have dock, as the two plants often grow near each other.  Dock is well-known for its ability to soothe nettle stings and, in fact, insect stings and bites, as well as sprains, soreness and scalds.   Dock is edible and can be cooked and served as an alternative to spinach.

    Daisy D

    08 December 2023
    Flowers
    Broad-leaved Dock
  • Common Chickweed (Stellaria media)

    Common Chickweed (Stellaria media)

    This was rambling over our back fence and across the far bank towards the stream.  It has become very abundant since I last strimmed the grass on the other side of the stream, which I have been doing occasionally over the summer to keep the bindweed and nettles from engulfing the alder saplings.

    This was difficult to identify because it wasn’t in flower.  The family that the chickweed is in also contains stitchwort, mouse-ear, sandwort, and pearlwort varieties.  There were some easy eliminations.  Pearlworts all have slender leaves.  Sandworts grow in a dry habitat.  Mouse-ears mostly prefer a rocky terrain.  Stitchworts like the damp, have a mixture of leaf-shapes, but they are sessile, which means that they attach directly to the stem, rather than with a short stalk.  Of the different chickweeds, lesser chickweed prefers sandy soil and greater chickweed prefers the shade.

    Common chickweed sprawling over the back fence.

    The plant we have here is rambling, green-leaved and stemmed, with broadly-pointed leaves in pairs opposite each other on short stalks, apart from the top pair.  The growing pattern is like a common chickweed, which grows most aggressively in the winter in full sun and will bloom in autumn as well as spring, with petite white flowers.  Common chickweed is known for its sprawling invasion of garden lawns.  Here it is free to cover the far bank in its mat-like tangle, without fear of being mown!

    Daisy D

    29 October 2023
    Flowers
    Common chickweed
  • Small-flowered Crane’s-bill (Geranium pusillum)

    Small-flowered Crane’s-bill (Geranium pusillum)

    This wasn’t in flower but has been flourishing on our ramp amongst the turf, which has now recovered after the dry September.  Probably, also because we aren’t walking up and down as much.  The leaves of this low-growing flower are deeply cut into 5 to 7 lobes, and each lobe has 3 smaller lobes.  This makes them noticeably different from the straggly leaves of the cut-leaved crane’s-bill.   It will have little pale lilac flowers next summer if we look after it.

    Daisy D

    27 October 2023
    Flowers
    Small-flowered Crane’s Bill
  • Kingcup Caltha palustris

    Kingcup Caltha palustris

    Well, I wasn’t expecting to see the Kingcup in bloom until the spring, but the mild spell we had after the washout of late-summer, has also led to the blossoming of our Bramley Apple tree in the garden.

    The Kingcup is one of my favourite flowers in the watermeadow!  It is also known as the Marsh-marigold.  The Latin name Caltha palustris means Marsh Goblet and refers to the shape of the flower.

    It is thick-stemmed with round water-lily style leaves and flowers like supersize buttercups.  Interestingly, it has no petals.  The burst of colour comes from bright yellow sepals, which in other flowers are the leaf-like wrappers for the buds. 

    The kingcup is perennial, and flowers April to August with occasional blooms at other times.  Ours has only flowered once every spring so far.  This is the first time it has bloomed twice in a year.  It is found in wet and marshy habitats, with oxygen-rich water.

    On the Kingcup you will see a Marmalade Hoverfly, previously noted in August.  I think the other fly is an Oscinella Frit, a type of Frit or Grass Fly (Chloropidae).

    Daisy D

    18 October 2023
    Flowers
    Kingcup, Marmalade Hover Fly, Oscinella Frit Fly
  • Marsh Pea ( Lathyrus palustris)

    Marsh Pea ( Lathyrus palustris)

    It’s amazed me how there are still flowers in the watermeadow, and I certainly wasn’t expecting to make a new flower discovery.  This tiny pea flower is, I think, a marsh pea.  It has long oval pointed leaves and pea-like tendrils with flowers scrambling up the stem alternately.  It’s not supposed to be in flower now – it flowers May-July, but as our Bramley apple tree is in blossom again, so the Marsh Pea might be a bit confused.  I’m hoping it will establish itself and flourish, as we have only just discovered it hiding in the undergrowth, but it likes to be among taller plants.  It’s “very scattered” outside the Norfolk Broads, so not very common.

    Daisy D

    29 September 2023
    Flowers
    Marsh Pea
  • Dandelion and his friends

    Dandelion and his friends

    Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

    This is a common dandelion.  Its leaves are soft, lush, smooth, hairless, flat, and toothed.  They grow up from a rosette not a stalk.  The familiar yellow sunburst flowers grow atop an unbranched hollow stem, which bleeds milky sap.  They are up to 50cm tall and grow just about everywhere. 

    Dandelion leaves (mostly)

    Cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata)

    This is Cat’s-ear, also known as Flatweed or False Dandelion.  Its long-stemmed bright yellow flowers have fringed petals and its leaves grow from a rosette and are the same shape as dandelion leaves but are covered with white hairs.  Like the dandelion, it grows to 50cm in most habitats, but its stems are solid, not hollow.

    It is thought that the name Cat’s-ear comes from the shape and texture of the furry leaves.  Like the dandelion, Cat’s-ear is edible.  Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads or steamed, while the root can be roasted and ground to make a coffee substitute.

    Look at the top leaf – you can clearly see the pointed ‘collar’ as it clasps the stem.

    Smooth Sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)

    This was a difficult plant to identify because the first photo I took showed arrow-shaped leaves, which is a variant, but not the norm.  Apparently, there are eight kinds of sow-thistle in the UK and I thought it was a marsh sow-thistle until a photo confirmed that the leaves are long and willow-like and the plants stand tall and proud, up to 6ft tall.

    Here are the clinchers:  the leaves are flat, not crinkled, with weak prickles.  They clasp the stem, wrapping around with pointed collar tips.  The paler outer petals of each bloom give a unique “pineapple” colouring, leant by a grey-pink stripe down the outside of each outer petal.

    For future reference – Perennial Sow-thistle stems and green bracts under the flowerhead are covered in hairs with sticky yellow blobs on the tip of each.  Prickly sow-thistle has crisped and shiny leaves, spiny like a thistle, and the wrap-around leaf bases are rounded, not pointed.  Marsh sow-thistle as already mentioned is tall with long willow-like leaves.

    Daisy D

    08 September 2023
    Flowers
    Cat’s-ear, Common Dandelion, Smooth Sow-thistle
  • Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

    Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

    I was waiting for this to come into flower before I posted it, but it is now going red and dying off.  I looked it up in my Collins Wild Flower Guide and found out that it flowers March-May, so I missed them, just before the blog started.  However, I should be able to update the post with a flower picture next spring. The purpling leaves are a harbinger of Autumn and look quite nice at the moment.  This creeping plant grows in a variety of habitats and can be found nestling by some logs on the ramp down to the watermeadow.  It is said to be an evergreen perennial, so perhaps it isn’t actually dying off, but just changing colour for the winter. It is also supposed to be edible as a salad green.

    UPDATE – 04/10/23

    Daisy D

    04 September 2023
    Flowers
    Ground Ivy
  • Water Mint (Mentha aquatica) and Water Pepper (Persicaria hydropiper)

    Water Mint (Mentha aquatica) and Water Pepper (Persicaria hydropiper)

    I always knew this was Water Mint, even before I knew there was such a thing.  It was one of the first plants we unearthed in the Water Meadow, when we were still getting to know it four years ago.  Its leaves have that unmistakable mint scent, not too strong unless you crush a leaf between your fingers.  It’s a safe plant and can be used in place of other mints in cooking, tea, Pimms etc.  It looks like a mint.  And then there are the flowers.  They’ve not been out long and are very photogenic.  I’ve struggled to decide which is my favourite picture.

    This is what it looked like a month ago.
    Water Pepper

    Water Pepper is such an unassuming little plant that I nearly stepped over it until I noticed its tiny sorrel-type blooms.  As you can tell by its name it loves damp places.  I had to find out whether it was actually Water Pepper or Tasteless Water Pepper.  They both have white-pink flowers.  The flowers of the Water Pepper have little yellow dots.  The buds are green, as you can see, and the flower stems are nodding rather than upright.  The fruits are tiny nuts which are matt for the Water Pepper and shiny for the Tasteless Water Pepper.  So, I will have to check those out later.  The only other way is to taste the leaves – peppery vs flavourless.  But they have to be cooked first.

    UPDATE PICTURE 15/08/23

    Daisy D

    11 August 2023
    Flowers
    Water Mint, Water Pepper
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  • October 2024
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  • March 2024
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  • December 2023
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  • October 2023
  • September 2023
  • August 2023
  • July 2023
  • June 2023
  • Spotted in September
  • Spotted in August
  • Spotted in July
  • Spotted in June
  • Conclusions