A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Pampas Grass (Cortaderia sellonana)

    Pampas Grass (Cortaderia sellonana)

    Like montbretia and other garden escapees, pampas grass pops up at the side of the road and in other wasteland locations.  There is a place I’ve nicknamed ‘Pampas Park’ on my walk into the village.  It’s quite lovely with the sea in the background and different shapes of pampas blooms.  Pampas grass was introduced to the UK in the 1840s, by horticulturalists, most species coming from South American countries, where it grows wild along riverbanks.

    But it has taken a lot of effort to remove the husky cores from our watermeadow.  We removed eight from Vole County and they left craters in which we planted trees to maintain the stability of the bank.  The remaining pampas grasses were on our boundaries and now we have only one left, tucked away behind Alder Corner on the bank of the stream.  Perhaps we will leave it there in its preferred environment. 

    Does pampas grass have any redeeming features?  Well, it’s an evergreen, dense enough to provide a place for a nest, and it grows rather stately creamy plumes when it flowers in the late summer.  The downside is that it takes up a lot of space in breadth and depth and is quite prolific, so you end up with several clumps, and the leaves can have razor sharp edges. 

    Daisy D

    10 May 2024
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Pampas Grass
  • Field Wood-rush (Luzula campestris)

    Field Wood-rush (Luzula campestris)

    After a busy week, I went down with my camera to see what I could see and spotted a clump of strange grass flowers on the ramp.  The tuft was quite short – a very unassuming clump of grass, apart from the flowers. 

    The field wood-rush grows to around 15cm with short runners, slim leaves, and flowers with clusters of florets on the end of bunches of short stalks.  The flowers of grasses are known as panicles.  These flowers are reddish and ‘oat-shaped’ with cream tips.  This perennial likes moist short-grass habitats and flowers from March to June.

    Daisy D

    03 May 2024
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Field Wood-rush
  • Ribbon Grass (Phalaris arundinacea var picta)

    Ribbon Grass (Phalaris arundinacea var picta)

    This is a non-native striped version of the reed canary grass that grows throughout the valley. It lives in our pond and has the potential to be invasive if not contained. It grows in dense clumps 60-90cm tall with flowers on slender stems. It prefers a moist, sunny habitat.

    Daisy D

    30 April 2024
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Ribbon Grass
  • Bulrush (Typha latifolia)

    Bulrush (Typha latifolia)

    The bulrush is also known as Great Reed Mace.  Our first bulrush came into flower at the end of July, but now we have half a dozen or so scattered over the watermeadow.  They seem to come up randomly each year, singly rather than in clumps.

    The bulrush grows in shallow water and, at 2m tall, has been described as “a very architectural plant” on www.naturespot.org.uk.  Like teasels, the bulrush seed heads stay standing over the winter until they finally get blown down by a strong enough wind.

    The flower is structured in two tiers – the brown-velvet cylinder is the female section, and this is topped with a straw-coloured male plume.    

    Daisy D

    03 September 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Bulrush, Great Reed Mace
  • Branched Burr-reed (Sparganium erectum)

    Branched Burr-reed (Sparganium erectum)

    My camera had been on the wrong setting and recent photos were suddenly looking pixelated when I zoomed in to view close-up detail.  I needed to re-photograph some of the flowers and bugs that I had previously snapped, so in between showers Mr C and I went for a walk to see what we could find.

    The stream has become overgrown with grasses and other water plants.  We usually try to clear a path for the water to flow easily in case of flooding, but this summer we haven’t managed to, so down in the stream, I have noticed some new plants, including this funny-looking one.  Several stems with bobbles on were tucked in amongst the Reed Canary Grass, which grows both in and out of the stream. 

    The white-bloomed bobbles, which look a bit like coconut-covered chocolate truffles on their own branches, are the female flower-clusters and the smaller, more compact bobbles climbing up the stem are the male clusters.

    Daisy D

    12 July 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Branched Burr-reed, Reed Canary Grass
  • Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)

    Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)

    There is a Soft Rush and a Hard Rush. The Soft Rush, which we have nicknamed the ‘Spikey Plant’ is actually supposed to be more flexible than the Hard Rush. The main reason I’ve identified the Spikey Plant as a Soft Rush is the flowers, which are out now, are clustered in loose bunches of pinky-brown ears on soft green stems. The Soft Rush grows in a variety of habitats, including damp woodland, ditches, marshes and meadows. The pith used to be soaked in fat and used to make wicks in rush lamps.

    Daisy D

    21 June 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
  • Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

    Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

    I’m finding grasses really difficult to identify, partly because they all look so broadly similar and partly because what I think are two grasses tend to be the same one in different stages of flowering i.e. the bud and the bloom. The reason I believe our main grass to be Reed Canary Grass is that:

    • it is now at least 8ft tall, definitely above head height
    • its branched flower is a pinky colour
    • its slim-style leaves are quite substantial, at least 1cm wide
    • it’s the right habitat – Reed Canary Grass likes damp places, ditches and beside water.

    Daisy D

    18 June 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Reed Canary Grass
  • Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata)

    Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis glomerata)

    This is a common meadow grass.  It is supposed to be tenacious and difficult to get rid of.  It grows on the banks of our watermeadow and at the sides, rather than in the soggier middle.  I have only just noticed the pale pink flowers. 

    Daisy D

    14 June 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Cocksfoot Grass
  • Greater Tussock Sedge (Carex paniculata)

    Greater Tussock Sedge (Carex paniculata)

    This is our statement sedge standing like an imposing statue centrally near the bank of the stream.   Supposed to be a 1.5m tall by a metre broad, ours is definitely larger than that. However, it stands on its own straw podium into which I have occasionally seen a mouse scurrying. Also, its flowers are spikey, rather than hairy or corn-like, which is how I arrived at Greater Tussock Sedge. Although it looks a bit scrappy at the moment, it is very robust and weathers the winter storms and floods. Its sharp-edged blades fountain out in all directions, waving rough, russet flowers at all who pass by.

    Daisy D

    12 June 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Greater Tussock Sedge
  • Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula)

    Pendulous Sedge (Carex pendula)

    “Sedges have edges, rushes are round, grasses are hollow, so what have you found?” – Woodland Trust website.

    I can see this is going to be a very useful little rhyme – and I like it a lot!  This is clearly a sedge, as it has edges to its stem.  We have a large patch of Pendulous Sedge in our watermeadow, which we call the Drunken Forest on account of its lolloping appearance when it gets top-heavy or ravaged by the wind. Nearly a metre tall at this time of year, it’s a very untidy plant, but where does curating stop and gardening begin? It seems we must put up with some untidiness. The RHS says it can become a “troublesome weed in damp gardens”.  It’s true that it is one of the plants that has moved into the once-bare patches left by the removal of the HWD.  One of the things I find interesting about watching our watermeadow is how the dynamics change each year.  Different plants seek dominance in different areas – grasses, sedges, nettles.  This year the HWD is trying to make a comeback, and the Pendulous Sedge is also gaining ground with tussocks popping up down each side of the watermeadow.

    Daisy D

    10 June 2023
    Sedges, rushes, grasses
    Pendulous Sedge

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  • Spotted in September
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