A Year in the Valley

A Year in the Valley

Discovering the flora and fauna in a small square of Portmellon Valley

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  • Sheet Weaver or Money Spider

    Sheet Weaver or Money Spider

    Linyphiidae is a family of very small spiders, also known as sheet weavers or money spiders.  They are hard to identify due to their size and the sheer number of species.  In fact, there are still new species being discovered worldwide.  This one, I thought, had quite distinctive colouring, but it looks most like a Peatland Sheet-web Weaver (Hypselistes florens) which is found in North America and Canada, not the UK.  The next nearest is Gonatium rubellum, which doesn’t have a common name and is found in the UK.  It lives in shaded leaf litter and low vegetation.   

    Tiny spiders travel around by ‘ballooning’ or ‘kiting’, which means they release a silk thread to catch an air current and pull them along.  It isn’t without danger, as they have no control over where they are heading.  Money spiders prey on smaller insects and spiders which they catch in their hammock-like sheet-webs, but they are also prey to small birds.  Where does ‘money’ spider come from?  There is a superstition that if a tiny spider lands on you, it has come to spin you a new suit of clothes, so it brings good luck!

    Daisy D

    29 May 2024
    Spiders
    Money Spider, Sheet Weaver Spider
  • Common Stretch Spider (Tetragnatha extensa)

    Common Stretch Spider (Tetragnatha extensa)

    It was the markings that caught my eye, in particular the lime green stripes.  The Common Stretch Spider is a Tetragnathid or long-jawed orb-weaver that stretches out to look like a stick, when it is threatened.  Even when it is exposed in the middle of its web, it can look like a piece of vegetation.  It is usually found on low-growing vegetation near water, where it spins a horizontal orb-web.  This one had slung its web across stems of sedge.  There are a few types of stretch spider but the T. extensa is the one most associated with wetland habitats.

    Daisy D

    19 May 2024
    Spiders
    Common Stretch Spider
  • Velvet Mite (Trombidium holosericeum)

    Velvet Mite (Trombidium holosericeum)

    Little Venice is still quite muddy, there is little grass but carpets of water starwort and algae.  Amongst the green and sludgy brown, tiny dots of scarlet caught my attention.  They kept disappearing into the matting of debris and vegetation, but this is what they looked like – tiny eight-legged bugs, more tick-shaped than spiderlike, even though they are arachnids.  In fact, the two front legs are used as feelers, as they have no antennae.  They are most often seen in spring when they emerge from hibernation, and they are carnivorous and feed on even smaller creatures and their eggs.

    Daisy D

    04 May 2024
    Spiders
    Red Velvet Mite
  • Nursery Web Spider

    Nursery Web Spider

    This very striking spider was in the grass on the edge of the ramp down to the watermeadow.  It looked very striking, though small 10-15mm, with a tan body, pale stripe behind its head flanked by dark stripes and dark leaf-shaped markings either side of the abdomen.  It has pale ‘tear marks’ at the sides of its eyes visible if you zoom in.

    The peak time for adults is May-July, but they can be seen in most months of the year.  They live in tall vegetation i.e. brambles and stinging nettles in grassland, scrub, field edges, gardens, and marsh edges

    Nursery web spiders are so-called because the female carries her eggs around with her in a sack and just before they are due to hatch she builds them a silk tent and deposits them inside.  The baby spiders live there until after their first moult and the female stays close to the tent until the spiderlings have left it.  That is the only use for the spider-silk, as they do not spin webs.  Instead, they hunt down their prey – flies and small insects – by running after and capturing them.

    Daisy D

    18 February 2024
    Spiders
    Nursery Web Spider
  • Garden Cross Spider

    Garden Cross Spider

    I’m really pleased that the big spiders spinning webs across the path and in the grass turned out to be a spider I hadn’t photographed before.  Unmistakeably the garden cross spider, it’s a big old orb spider with a cross emblazoned on its back in white dots, set within a brown Christmas tree shape.  It hasn’t been often that species have been this easy to identify.  Hurrah!   

    Garden cross spiders are a type of orb spider and are known for their large webs often strung across pathways, as I have found.  If it is disturbed it will try and shake the web or drop down on a silken thread and hide till danger has passed and it can return to its web.

    These are big-bodied spiders, especially the females.  It looks quite fierce but is not known to bite humans. 

    In spite of the heatwave we are currently experiencing, I associate these large spiders webs draped everywhere with autumn and ‘Back to School’ because they are usually dripping prettily with dew drops against a misty backdrop. I wondered if that was just me, but the Natural History Museum say that although spiders webs can be found all year round, it is in the autumn that we are most likely to notice them, when they are revealed by dew and mist droplets. Also the spiders are fully-grown and looking for a mate, so they are more visible too.

    Birds were gathering on the telegraph wires yesterday evening and we are wondering whether the housemartins will be leaving us, soon. The swifts went weeks ago.

    Daisy D

    07 September 2023
    Spiders
    European Garden Spider, Garden Cross Spider, Housemartin, Swift
  • Common Harvestman

    Common Harvestman

    When we were looking for the green cricket that had flown across the garden to the willow sapling, we spotted this common harvestman (Leiobunum rotundum).  It had a bright red body with black spindly legs.  Harvestmen are related to spiders but differ from them because their round body fuses together the head, thorax, and abdomen into one segment, whereas spiders’ bodies have two segments – head/thorax and abdomen.   They have hooks on the ends of their legs, which they use to catch their prey.  Their eyes are housed in an ocularium, which is a periscope-style structure on the top of their body. This one is black.  They eat small invertebrates, and some eat fungi and fruit as well. 

    Daisy D

    24 August 2023
    Spiders
    Common Harvestman
  • Orb-weaver Spider and two types of Wolf Spider

    Orb-weaver Spider and two types of Wolf Spider

    This is a common orb-weaver spider with some prey.  Orb-weavers are so-called because they make circular webs.  There is an orb-weaver called a missing sector orb-weaver which builds a web with a missing quadrant and only a single thread attaching the web from that quarter.  You might be able to see from the photo that this web is complete, so it is a common orb-weaver.

    There are two variants of the Common Orb-weaver Spider Metallina mengei has a longer dark stripe on its abdomen than M. segmentate.  This is the former.

    Wolf spiders were running over a pile of dry grass in the far left-hand corner of the watermeadow.  This is a female carrying an egg sack under her body.  Around one hundred baby spiders will hatch dramatically and hitch a lift on her back for a few days before floating away on silk parachutes.  Wolf-spiders are so-called as they hunt down prey, rather than catching it in a web.  There are several species of wolf spider, but it is difficult to tell them apart without close examination.  This one was black and bristly.

    This is a different wolf spider.  It was tweedy grey and hairy.  It looked like a Pardosa milvina, or shore spider, which is found in wetlands but in North America, so it must be a European variant of that sub-species, as I couldn’t find anything about it being an invasive species to the UK.

    Daisy D

    20 August 2023
    Spiders
    Common Orb-weaver Spider, Wolf Spider

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  • Spotted in September
  • Spotted in August
  • Spotted in July
  • Spotted in June
  • Conclusions